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Chlamydia Infection in Females


Prevention & Expectations

What can be done to prevent the infection?

Several safer sex practices can help prevent the spread of chlamydia infection. Male condoms and female condoms provide some protection. Single partner relationships are safer than sexual interaction with multiple partners.

Any new partners should be asked about their sexual history and should be tested for sexually transmitted disease. Sexual contact should be postponed until the tests show no infection in the partner.

Finally, a screening for chlamydia can be done in combination with a routine annual Pap smear and pelvic exam.

What are the long-term effects of the infection?

Chlamydia infections in females are strongly associated with the development of cervical dysplasia, or abnormal cells in the cervix, and cancer of the cervix.

It is important to treat chlamydia infections to prevent scarring of the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus. Severe or untreated chlamydia infections can cause serious complications such as the following:

  • pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, which involves a widespread infection of pelvic organs
  • chronic pelvic pain
  • pelvic adhesions, or bands of tissue that cause scarring
  • infertility, or the inability to conceive a child
  • ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus
  • premature labor and premature delivery, if a woman is infected during pregnancy
  • postpartum endometritis, an infection of the uterine lining that occurs after a woman has given birth
  • proctitis, or rectal infection
  • What are the risks to others?

    Chlamydia infections are highly contagious and can be passed through sexual intercourse and other intimate contact. A woman who is pregnant can pass the chlamydia infection to her baby during delivery. The baby may then develop an eye infection or pneumonia.


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