Croup

What are the treatments for the infection?

Since croup is usually caused by a viral infection, antibiotics are not helpful in treating the infection. Relieving the swelling and respiratory distress are most helpful.

The child should have some relief from the above measures in about 10 to 15 minutes. If he or she is experiencing an alarming degree of respiratory distress, the emergency medical system should be contacted.

Emergency room treatment usually consists of giving the child oxygen, a special form of epinephrine that is inhaled, and possibly an injection of a steroid called dexamethasone. If the child does not respond to these measures, he or she will be admitted to the hospital.

Once admitted, the child is usually placed in a mist tent with added oxygen. Children will then have their blood oxygen saturation level monitored. This is the amount of oxygen that is carried in the child's bloodstream. The child will be given frequent doses of the inhaled form of epinephrine and will be watched very closely for any changes in breathing. In rare cases, a child may need to have a breathing tube inserted. This provides an adequate airway for several days until the airway swelling goes down.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Epinephrine can cause a temporary rapid heartbeat. A single injection of dexamethasone does not have any significant side effects. A child who requires intubation could have some vocal cord damage or airway scarring. This may be temporary or permanent.

What happens after treatment for the infection?

There is no special treatment needed after the child recovers from an episode of croup.

How is the infection monitored?

Younger children with a tendency to develop croup should be watched closely for early signs of croup whenever they develop signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.