Gestational Diabetes

What are the treatments for the disease?

The goal of treatment is to bring blood glucose levels to normal, and to keep them there throughout the pregnancy. This will prevent complications for both mother and child. The diet should provide enough calories and nutrients to allow appropriate weight gain in both mother and fetus. A dietician will provide counseling and education. If changing the diet does not control glucose levels, insulin injections may be needed.

Until recently, oral medications were not recommended for gestational diabetes. However, a recent study indicated that glyburide is safe and effective to take in the last 6 months of pregnancy.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, may result if too much insulin is given, or if meals are skipped. Hypoglycemia should be avoided, because the fetus will also experience low blood sugar levels.

What happens after treatment for the disease?

Pregnancy hormones drop dramatically after delivery, and a woman may no longer need insulin. High blood glucose levels usually go away after pregnancy. But 30% to 40% of women with gestational diabetes may develop type 2 diabetes at some time in their lives. Obesity or a family history of diabetes may increase this risk. A balanced diet and exercise after delivery will help with weight loss and will lower the risk of diabetes in the future. At the exam 6 weeks after delivery, a oral glucose tolerance test can help determine if further treatment is needed.

How is the disease monitored?

Women with gestational diabetes run a high risk of having it in future pregnancies. Women who previously had gestational diabetes but are not pregnant should have fasting blood sugar tests each year to detect diabetes.