Lichen Planus

Lichen planus is a skin disease that causes inflammation, itching, and skin lesions.

What is going on in the body?

Lichen planus is a skin disorder that produces scaly, purplish bumps with white lines or spots. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, or one in which the person produces antibodies against his or her own tissues. This abnormal immune response may be triggered by a viral infection. Lichen planus develops slowly and usually goes away in 18 months. However, in some people, it may last for many years.

What are the causes and risks of the condition?

Lichen planus is thought to be an autoimmune disorder that may be triggered by a viral infection. This disorder may develop after exposure to certain medications, dyes, and chemicals, including:

New research findings suggest that autoimmune disorders may be triggered by a transfer of cells between the fetus and the mother during pregnancy. The study involved women with scleroderma, an autoimmune disorder involving the skin. These women have more fetal cells in their blood decades after a pregnancy than women who don't have scleroderma. While further research is needed to substantiate these findings, the study does offer an explanation for the much higher incidence of autoimmune disorders in women than in men.

What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

Symptoms of lichen planus may include:

Symptoms become worse if a person feels stressed.

How is the condition diagnosed?

A distinctive appearance of the skin and mouth lesions may indicate lichen planus. A biopsy of the lesions confirms the diagnosis. The healthcare provider removes a small section of affected skin. The sample is then examined under a microscope in the laboratory.

What can be done to prevent the condition?

No means of preventing lichen planus are known at this time. Avoiding certain chemicals and medications may reduce flare-ups in someone with this disorder.

What are the long-term effects of the condition?

Skin lesions of lichen planus that persist may be associated with hair loss and complete nail loss. Long-term lichen planus within the mouth and the genital region has been associated with genital and oral cancer.

What are the risks to others?

Lichen planus is not contagious and poses no risks to others.

What are the treatments for the condition?

If symptoms of the lichen planus are mild, no treatment may be needed. Treatment of lichen planus may include:

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects depend on the specific medications used but may include drowsiness and allergic reactions. Long-term use of oral corticosteroids can lower resistance to infection.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

The skin lesions of lichen planus may clear up completely with treatment. Recurrence of lichen planus is likely when treatment is discontinued. Also, the degree and severity varies with each occurrence.

How is the condition monitored?

Lichen planus of the oral and genital mucosa needs to be monitored closely, since these lesions are associated with oral and genital cancers. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.

Author:Lynn West, MD
Date Written:
Editor:Crist, Gayle P., MS, BA
Edit Date:03/28/01
Reviewer:Eileen McLaughlin, RN, BSN
Date Reviewed:07/13/01

Sources