Careful attention can usually prevent injury from endoscope and nasogastric tube insertion. Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease can prevent the inflammation and ulcers that cause perforation. Drinking less alcohol can usually prevent the severe vomiting that leads to tears. Treatment of cancer of the esophagus can delay or lower the risk of holes.
A perforation can lead to infection or inflammation in the chest area. Cancer of the esophagus can spread and lead to death.
There is no risk to others.