Pituitary Tumor

A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth that develops within the pituitary gland. The pituitary is a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain. It secretes hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones control most of the other glands in the body that secrete hormones.

What is going on in the body?

The pituitary gland has three parts or lobes.

Pituitary tumors comprise about 10% of all brain tumors. They generally develop from the anterior lobe and are rarely caused by cancer. When the tumor enlarges, it generally grows upward. It can press on other structures, such as the optic nerves. The optic nerves carry visual signals, so vision is often affected. Pituitary tumors can also interfere with:

What are the causes and risks of the condition?

The exact cause of pituitary tumors is unknown. Women face a higher risk of developing pituitary tumors than men.

What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

A pituitary tumor can cause symptoms that fall into two groups:

General symptoms include:

Depending on the cell type making up the tumor, symptoms may include:

How is the condition diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a pituitary tumor begins with a history and physical exam. The healthcare provider may order tests, including:

What can be done to prevent the condition?

There is no known way to prevent pituitary tumors.

What are the long-term effects of the condition?

Pituitary tumors enlarge at varying rates. Untreated tumors may eventually lead to blindness by damaging the optic nerves. After 75% of normal pituitary cells are destroyed, all pituitary function may eventually be lost.

What are the risks to others?

Pituitary tumors are not contagious, and pose no risk to others.

What are the treatments for the condition?

Many pituitary tumors can be removed surgically. The operation usually takes place through the head for larger tumors and through the nose for smaller ones. Radiation therapy can shrink some tumors. Medicines, such as bromocriptine, can shrink certain tumors that affect breast milk production.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Treatment, even if successful, may not correct the visual impairment. Most people will require some form of hormone replacement medicine, even after successful surgery.

How is the condition monitored?

The individual will have regular visits with the healthcare provider. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the provider.

Author:James Warson, MD
Date Written:
Editor:Crist, Gayle P., MS, BA
Edit Date:08/10/01
Reviewer:William M. Boggs, MD
Date Reviewed:08/13/01

Sources