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Placental Dysfunction - Placental Insufficiency


Prevention & Expectations

What can be done to prevent the condition?

Most cases of placental insufficiency and IUGR cannot be prevented. However, there are several tests that can be done early in pregnancy to help detect problems. These include:

  • pregnancy ultrasound scans to check the condition and size of the placenta
  • alpha-fetoprotein levels in a sample of the mother's blood
  • amniocentesis to check for problems with the baby's chromosomes
  • Pregnant women can also do the following to help prevent these conditions:

  • avoid close contact with persons carrying the rubella virus or cytomegalovirus
  • avoid toxoplasmosis, by not coming in contact with uncooked meat and animal excrement, especially from cats
  • avoid alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs
  • get treatment for high blood pressure and diabetes
  • Before becoming pregnant, women should follow a healthy diet that contains folate. This can help to decrease the rate of certain fetal anomalies.

    What are the long-term effects of the condition?

    Long-term effects of placental insufficiency depend on the underlying cause. During the pregnancy a mother may be restricted to bed and have to take several precautions.

    The long-term effects for the a baby born following placenta insufficiency can be serious. After birth, he or she will tend to remain physically small. There is a higher risk for neurological and intellectual impairments. Major disabilities include severe communication\ \education, including reading, writing, and basic math\ \motor function\ \personal care, such as bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting\ \social skills\ \thinking skills, such as decision making, problem solving, and self-direction\ \working\ ',CAPTION,'Mental Retardation');" onmouseout="return nd();">mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and seizures.

    What are the risks to others?

    With placental insufficiency, there are many risks to the fetus during the pregnancy, at delivery, and after delivery. These risks include:

  • 8-fold higher risk of death during delivery
  • 5-fold higher risk of poor oxygenation at birth that may lead to cerebral palsy and other complications
  • hypothermia, or low body temperature
  • hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar
  • 30 to 40% chance of learning disabilities
  • premature delivery
  • poor tolerance of labor
  • increased chance of cesarean delivery
  • increased chance of having birth defects
  • increased chance of meconium aspiration, in which the baby inhales some of the amniotic fluid during labor
  • polycythemia, which is an excess of red blood cells
  • hypocalcemia, which is too little calcium in the blood

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