There is no known prevention for polycythemia vera.
After diagnosis, most people with polycythemia vera live no more than 15 years with treatment. Without treatment, a person may only live a few years. This cancer increases the risk of life-threatening blood clots and bleeding. In some cases, polycythemia vera may transform into the more aggressive blood cancer leukemia.
Polycythemia vera is not contagious, and poses no risk to others.