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Swan-Ganz Catheterization
Overview & Description
During the Swan-Ganz catheterization, a thin flexible tube is inserted into the right side of the heart to measure and monitor its functions.
The test is usually done in severely ill, hospitalized persons to evaluate how the heart is functioning. It can determine the amount of blood flowing through the heart. It can also be used to monitor the effects of a heart attack, shock, and the effects of cardiovascular drugs.
How is the test performed?
Swan-Ganz catheterization is done in the hospital. First, the patient is given a mild sedative to help him or her relax. Then, an intravenous line is inserted into a vein in the arm to allow drugs to be delivered during the procedure. The procedure itself involves inserting a thin flexible tube, or catheter, into a large vein in the neck, groin, or arm. This catheter is then threaded all the way into the right side of the heart.
To begin, an area of skin on the neck, groin, or arm is cleaned with an antiseptic. A local anesthetic is injected at the site to numb the area. A specialist, such as a cardiologist, makes a small incision at this site. Then, the Swan-Ganz catheter is inserted and threaded to the heart.
Once in the heart, the catheter is passed through the right atrium and the right ventricle. From there it goes into the pulmonary artery. All of this is sometimes guided by X-ray images. Heart function during the procedure is monitored by electrocardiography (EKG), a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
Preparation & Expectations
What is involved in preparation for the test?
A person will receive specific instructions from his or her healthcare provider. Often, a Swan-Ganz catheter is placed during emergency situations, such as after a heart attack, when there is little time to prepare.
Results and Values
What do the test results mean?
Normal values for various heart functions are as follows:
Abnormal test results may indicate heart disease, shock, heart valve disease, or lung disease.
Attribution
Author:David T. Moran, MD
Date Written:
Editor:Smith, Mary Ellen, BS
Edit Date:03/30/00
Reviewer:Adam Brochert, MD
Date Reviewed:09/20/01