Getting enough iodine in the diet can prevent an individual from getting one form of goiter. Avoiding foods and medicines that can cause a goiter may also help prevent the condition. Some cases cannot be prevented.
Untreated, goiter may lead to the compression of the trachea and esophagus. Most goiters are small and do not cause serious long-term effects.
Goiter is not contagious and poses no risk to others.