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Toxic Shock Syndrome


Prevention & Expectations

What can be done to prevent the disease?

A woman can lower her risk for TSS by taking these steps:

  • Alternate tampons with pads every other day during the heaviest flow.
  • Avoid or minimize the use of superabsorbent tampons.
  • Change tampons at least every 6 to 8 hours.
  • Use pads while sleeping.
  • Changes in the design of tampons have occurred because of concern over toxic shock syndrome. Changing tampons frequently should nearly eliminate the risk of tampon-related toxic shock syndrome.

    What are the long-term effects of the disease?

    If severe shock has occurred and led to kidney, liver, lung, or heart damage, long-term consequences may require treatment or cause permanent disability. The three major causes of death related to severe TSS are as follows:

  • disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC, which causes uncontrollable bleeding
  • irreversible shock
  • severe lung damage
  • What are the risks to others?

    Toxic shock syndrome is not contagious and poses no risk to others.


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