There is no known prevention for trigeminal neuralgia.
Without treatment, the person may have long-term pain and discomfort. The pain, and fear of the pain, can be so severe that some people cannot perform everyday tasks.
In the rare cases in which the cause is known, other long-term effects can result. For example, cancer can result in death. Multiple sclerosis can cause weakness, paralysis, and permanent disability in some cases.
There are no risks to others.