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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus


Symptoms & Signs

What are the signs and symptoms of the disease?

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop over a short amount of time. Symptoms include the following:

  • excessive hunger
  • excessive thirst
  • fatigue and weakness
  • increased amount and frequency of urination
  • infections of the skin, vagina, bladder, or other areas
  • nausea and vomiting
  • visual impairments, such as blurred vision
  • weight loss, despite increased appetite and thirst
  • If a person with type 1 diabetes goes without enough insulin for too long, the glucose level within the cells can fall dangerously low. When the cells in the body cannot get enough glucose, the body starts to burn fat for energy. This produces waste products known as ketones. High levels of ketones can result in too much acid in the body, called diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition causes:

  • dehydration
  • dry lips
  • sunken eyes
  • labored or deep, rapid breathing
  • vomiting
  • abdominal distress, such as stomach pains or nausea
  • frequent urination
  • drowsiness
  • extreme thirst
  • fruity-smelling breath
  • Immediate medical attention is needed to prevent coma and death.


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