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Medical Dictionary Terms Beginning with G
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Gene product
Gene product: The RNA or protein that results from the expression of a gene. The amount of gene product is a measure of the degree of gene activity.more detail info...
Gene testing
Gene testing: Testing a sample of blood (or another fluid or tissue) for evidence of a gene. The evidence can be biochemical, chromosomal, or genetic. The aim is to learn whether a gene for a disease is present or absent.more detail info...
Gene therapy
Gene therapy: The treatment of disease by replacing, altering, or supplementing a gene that is absent or abnormal and is responsible for the disease. In studies of gene therapy for cancer, researchers are trying to bolster the body's natural capamore detail info...
Gene, evolutionarily conserved
Gene, evolutionarily conserved: A gene that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution. Conservation of a gene indicates that it is unique and essential. There is not an extra copy of that gene with which evolution can tinker. And changesmore detail info...
Gene, marker
Gene, marker: A detectable genetic trait or segment of DNA that can be identified and tracked. A marker gene can serve as a flag for another gene, sometimes called the target gene. A marker gene must be on the same chromosome as the target gene amore detail info...
Gene, zygotic lethal
Gene, zygotic lethal: A gene that is lethal (fatal) for the zygote, the cell formed by the union of a sperm (male sex cell) and an ovum (female sex cell). The zygote would normally develop into an embryo, as instructed by the genetic material within themore detail info...
General paresis
General paresis: A part of late (&tertiary&) syphilis a decade or more after the initial infection, due to chronic inflammation of the covering and substance of the brain (meningoencephalitis) which results in progressive dementia and generalmore detail info...
Genes, breast cancer susceptibility
Genes, breast cancer susceptibility: Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, havemore detail info...
Genetic
Genetic: Having to do with genes, structures found in every cell of the body. Each gene contains information that directs the activities of cells and controls the way an individual develops.more detail info...
Genetic code
Genetic code: The correspondence of the base triplets (trios composed of A.T.G., or C.) in DNA with the amino acids. The discovery of the genetic code clearly ranks as one of the premiere events of what has been called the Golden Age of Biology (and Memore detail info...
Genetic screening
Genetic screening: Testing a population to identify individuals at risk for a genetic disease or for transmitting it. Newborns may be screened for PKU (phenylketonuria), Jews for the gene for Tay-Sachs disease, Blacks for the sickle cell gene, etc.more detail info...
Genital
Genital: Pertaining to the external and internal organs of reproduction. (Not to be confused with genetic.)more detail info...
Genital herpes
Genital herpes: A viral infection transmitted through intimate contact with the moist mucous linings of the genitals. This contact can involve the mouth, the vagina or the genital skin. The herpes simplex type 2 virus enters the mucous membranes througmore detail info...
Genital wart
Genital wart: A wart that is confined primarily to the moist skin of the genitals. These warts are due to viruses belonging to the family of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) which are transmitted through sexual contact. The virus can also be transmmore detail info...
Genitourinary (GU)
Genitourinary (GU): Pertaining to the genital and urinary systems.more detail info...
Genome
Genome: All of the genetic information, the entire genetic complement, all of the DNA possessed by any organism. There is, for example, the human genome, the elephant genome, the mouse genome, the yeast genome, the genome of a bacteria, etc. Humans (anmore detail info...
Genome Research Institute, National Human
Genome Research Institute, National Human (NHGRI): One of the newest of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NHGRIÆs mission in formal terms is to ôsupport the NIH component of the Human Genome Project, a worldwide research effort designed tmore detail info...
Genome, chromosomal
Genome, chromosomal: All of the genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism. For humans, that is all of the DNA contained in our normal complement of 46 rod-like chromosomes in virtually every cell in the body. (Mature red blood cells, for onmore detail info...
Genome, human
Genome, human: All of the genetic information, the entire genetic complement, all of the DNA in a person. Humanity’s DNA is the treasury of human inheritance. It is this extraordinary repository of genetic information which the Human Genome Projecmore detail info...
Genome, mitochondrial
Genome, mitochondrial: The genetic information contained in the circular chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm of the cell. The mitochondrial genome and the chromosomal (nuclear) genome together constmore detail info...