Medical Dictionary Terms Beginning with C

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Cancer, breast, susceptibility genes

Cancer, breast, susceptibility genes: Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, hav
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Cancer, causes

Cancer, causes: Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases. Benign tumors are not cancer; malignant tumors are cancer. Most cancers are named for the type of cell or the organ in which they begin. When cancer spreads (metastasizes), the new
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Cancer, cervix

Cancer, cervix: Cancer of the entrance to the womb (uterus). Regular pelvic exams and Pap testing can detect precancerous changes in the cervix. Precancerous changes in the cervix may be treated with cryosurgery, cauterization, or laser surgery. The mo
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Cancer, colon

Cancer, colon: A malignant tumor arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. The third leading cause of cancer in males, fourth in females in the U.S. Risk factors for cancer of the colon and rectum (colorectal cancer) include heredity, colon p
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Cancer, colon

Cancer, colon: screening and surveillance: Colon cancer is both preventable and curable. It is preventable by removing precancerous colon polyps. It is curable if early cancer is surgically removed before cancer spread to other parts of the body. There
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Cancer, esophagus

Cancer, esophagus: Cancer of the swallowing tube that passes from the throat to the stomach. The risk of cancer of the esophagus is increased by long-term irritation of the esophagus, such as with smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and Barrett’s esoph
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Cancer, gastric

Cancer, gastric: Cancer of the stomach, the major organ that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. Stomach ulcers do not appear to increase a person’s risk of d
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Cancer, Hodgkin’s disease (adult)

Cancer, Hodgkin’s disease (adult): A type of lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). The most common symptom of Hodgkin’s disease is a painless swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin. Hodgkin’s disease is diagnose
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Cancer, kidney

Cancer, kidney: Cancer of the major organ responsible for the removal from the blood of the toxins of body metabolism—the kidney. Childhood kidney cancer is different from the adult kidney cancer. The most common symptom of kidney cancer is blood
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Cancer, larynx

Cancer, larynx: Cancer of the voice box. The larynx is the voice box located at the top of the windpipe (trachea). Cancer of the larynx occurs most often in people over the age of 55 years. People who stop smoking can greatly reduce their risk of cance
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Cancer, leukemia

Cancer, leukemia: Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Leukemias are grouped by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic) as well as by the type of blood cell that is affected. People with leukemia are at significantly increased ris
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Cancer, lung

Cancer, lung: Cancer of the major organ of respiration—the lung. Lung cancer kills more men and women than any other form of cancer. Since the majority of lung cancer is diagnosed at a relatively late stage, only 10% of all lung cancer patients ar
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Cancer, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s (adult)

Cancer, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s (adult): A type of lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). The most common symptom of Hodgkin’s disease is a painless swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin. Hodgkin’s disease is diagno
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Cancer, lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s

Cancer, lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s: A lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. The most common symptom of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is a painless swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin. Non-Hodgkin’s ly
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Cancer, malignant melanoma

Cancer, malignant melanoma: A skin cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes that can grow together to form benign (not cancerous) moles. A change in size, shape, or color of a mole can be a sign of melanoma. Melanoma can be cured if detected earl
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Cancer, melanoma

Cancer, melanoma: A skin cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes that can grow together to form benign (not cancerous) moles. A change in size, shape, or color of a mole can be a sign of melanoma. It can be cured if detected early, before spread
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Cancer, multiple myeloma

Cancer, multiple myeloma: A bone marrow cancer involving a type of white blood cell called a plasma (or myeloma) cell. The tumor cells can form a single collection (a plasmacytoma) or many tumors (multiple myeloma). Plasma cells are part of the immune
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Cancer, myeloma

Cancer, myeloma: A bone marrow cancer involving a type of white blood cell called a plasma (or myeloma) cell. The tumor cells can form a single collection (a plasmacytoma) or many tumors (multiple myeloma). Plasma cells are part of the immune system an
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Cancer, oral

Cancer, oral: Cancer of the mouth area. A sore in the mouth that does not heal can be a warning sign of oral cancer. A biopsy is the only to know whether as abnormal area in the oral cavity is cancer. Oral cancer is caused by tobacco (smoking and chewi
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Cancer, ovarian

Cancer, ovarian: Cancer of the egg sac of females (ovary). In women under age 30, most ovarian growths are benign, fluid-filled sacs called cysts. There are several types of ovarian cancer. Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague. Detection of ovarian
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