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Medical Dictionary Terms Beginning with G
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Gastric atrophy
Gastric atrophy: A condition in which the stomach muscles shrink and become weak. It results in a lack of digestive juices. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.more detail info...
Gastric cancer
Gastric cancer: Cancer of the stomach, the major organ that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. Stomach ulcers do not appear to increase a person’s risk of dmore detail info...
Gastric ulcer
Gastric ulcer: A hole in the lining of the stomach corroded by the acidic digestive juices which are secreted by the stomach cells. Ulcer formation is related to H. pyloridus bacteria in the stomach, anti-inflammatory medications, and smoking cigarettemore detail info...
Gastritis
Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.more detail info...
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines. Can cause nausea and vomiting and/or diarrhea. Gastroenteritis has numerous causes: including infectious organisms (viruses, bacteria, etc.), food poisoning, and stress.more detail info...
Gastroenterologist
Gastroenterologist: A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the digestive system.more detail info...
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux: The return of stomach contents back up into the esophagus This frequently causes heartburn because of irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can lead to scarring and stricture of themore detail info...
Gastrointestinal (GI)
Gastrointestinal (GI): Adjective encompassing the stomach and intestines.more detail info...
Gastroscope
Gastroscope: A flexible, lighted instrument that is put through the mouth and esophagus to view the stomach. Tissue from the stomach can be removed through the gastroscope.more detail info...
Gastrostomy
Gastrostomy: A surgical opening into the stomach. This opening may be used for feeding usually via a feeding tube called a gastrostomy tube. This can also be done by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). PEG is a surgical procedure for placingmore detail info...
Gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic (PEG)
Gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic (PEG): A surgical procedure for placing a feeding tube without having to perform an open laparotomy (operation on the abdomen). The aim of PEG is to feed those who cannot swallow. PEG may be done by a surgeon,more detail info...
Gaucher disease, type 1
Gaucher disease, type 1: A progressive genetic disease caused by a defect in an enzyme. The enzyme, called glucocerebrosidase, is needed to break down the chemical glucocerebroside. The enzyme defect in persons with Gaucher disease (GD) leads to thmore detail info...
GD
GD: Gaucher’s disease.more detail info...
Gene
Gene: A gene can be defined in various ways. In classical genetics, a gene is a unit of inheritance. In molecular genetics, a gene is a sequence of chromosomal DNA required to make a functional product. Humans have 50-100,000 genes.more detail info...
Gene deletion
Gene deletion: The total loss (or absence) of a gene. Gene deletion plays a role in birth defects and in the development of cancer.more detail info...
Gene duplication
Gene duplication: An extra copy of a gene. Gene duplication is a key mechanism in evolution. Once a gene is duplicated, the identical genes can undergo changes and diverge to create two different genes.more detail info...
Gene expression
Gene expression: A gene speaks. When a gene is expressed, the information encoded in the gene is translated into protein or RNA structures present and operating in the cell. Expressed genes include genes that are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) amore detail info...
Gene family
Gene family: A group of genes related in structure (and often in function). The genes in a family are descended from an ancestral gene. For example, the hemoglobin genes (of critical importance to red blood cells) belong to one gene family created by gmore detail info...
Gene mapping
Gene mapping: Charting the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule or chromosome and the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them.more detail info...
Gene markers
Gene markers: Detectable genetic traits or distinctive segments of DNA that serve as landmarks for a target gene. Markers are on the same chromosome as the target gene. They must be near enough to the target gene to be genetically linked to it: to be imore detail info...