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Medical Dictionary Terms Beginning with J
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Jacksonian seizure
Jacksonian seizure: Epilepsy with clonic movements (spasms) in muscles on one side marching systematically through adjacent muscle groups. Named for London neurologist John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911).more detail info...
Jacksonian seizure
Jacksonian seizure:A brief alteration in movement, sensation or nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localized area of the brain. Seizures of this type typically cause no change in awareness or alertness. They are transient, fleetinmore detail info...
Jadassohn-Lewandowski Syndrome
Jadassohn-Lewandowski Syndrome: This syndrome is a form of what is called elephant nails from birth (pachyonychia congenita). The characteristic features include: Abnormally thick curved nails (onychogryposis) Thickening of the skin (hyperkeratmore detail info...
Jail fever
Jail fever: Epidemic typhus, a severe acute (sudden-onset) infectious disease with prolonged high fever up to 40░ C (104░ F), intractable headache, and a pink-to-red raised rash. The cause is a microorganism called Rickettsia prowazekii. It is found womore detail info...
Jakob’s disease
Jakob’s disease: Better known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a dementing disease of the brain. It is believed due to an unconventional, transmissible agent (a prion). Symptoms of CJD include forgetfulness, nervousness, jerky trembling hand momore detail info...
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease: A transmissible degenerative brain disorder technically termed spongiform encephalopathy. Eating &mad cow& meat or squirrel brain can lead to Jaqcob-Creuzfeldt-like disease. Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, better known amore detail info...
JAMA
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, better known as JAMA. JAMA, which began publication in 1883, now bills itself as "the world's best-read medical journal". However one defines "best-read", JAMA clearly ranks as one of the two leadingmore detail info...
jamais vu
jamais vu: From the French, meaning &never seen&. The illusion that the familiar does not seem familiar. The opposite of the feeling of &dΘjα vu.&more detail info...
Jaundice
Jaundice: Jaundice is a yellowish staining of the skin and white of the eyes (sclerae) with pigment of bile. Jaundice can be an indicator of liver or gallbladder disease or result from red blood cells rupturing (hemolysis).more detail info...
Jaundice, neonatal
Jaundice, neonatal: Yellowish staining of the skin and whites of the newbornÆs eyes (sclerae) by pigment of bile (bilirubin). In newborn babies a degree of jaundice is normal. It is due to the breakdown of red blood cells (which release bilirubimore detail info...
Jaw
Jaw: The bones below the mouth (the mandible) and the bone above the mouth just above the mouth (the maxilla). The word jaw came from the Anglo-Saxon ceowan meaning to chew.more detail info...
Jejunal
Jejunal: Having to do with the jejunum.more detail info...
Jejunum
Jejunum: Part of the small intestine. It is half-way down the small intestine between its duodenum and ileum sections. The term "jejunum" derives from the Latin "jejunus," which means "empty of food," "meager," or "hungry." The ancient Greeks noticemore detail info...
Jogger's nails
Jogger's nails: Very common small semi-circular white spots on the nails. These spots result from injury to the base (matrix) of the nail (the part under the visible nail) where the nail cells and the nail are produced. The injury responsible for whitmore detail info...
Joint
Joint: A joint is the area where two bones are attached for the purpose of motion of body parts.more detail info...
Joint aspiration (arthrocentesis)
Joint aspiration (arthrocentesis): A procedure whereby a sterile needle and syringe are used to drain joint fluid from the joint. This is usually done as an office procedure or at the bedside in the hospital. The skin over the joint is sterilized with a lmore detail info...
Joint hypermobility syndrome
Joint hypermobility syndrome: A common benign childhood condition involving hypermobile joints (that can move beyond the normal range of motion). Symptoms include pains in knees, fingers, hips, and elbows. The affected joints may sprain or dislocate. Smore detail info...
Joint, acetabular
Joint, acetabular: The hip joint by another name. The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip joint. It is a key feature of the pelvic anatomy. The head (upper end) of the femur (the thighbone) fits right into the acetabulum, articulatesmore detail info...
Joint, temporomandibular
Joint, tempero-mandibular: Joint that hinges the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. Abbreviated TMJ or TM joint.more detail info...
Joint, TM
Joint, TM: The joint that hinges the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull.more detail info...
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