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Kidney Infection - Pyelonephritis


Treatment & Monitoring

What are the treatments for the infection?

A person is usually given antibiotics as soon as the diagnosis of a kidney infection seems likely. The most common antibiotics prescribed include:

  • sulfa medications
  • cephalosporins, such as cephaclor or cephalexin
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • A person with a severe infection may need to be hospitalized. Sometimes surgery is needed to correct a physical problem with the urinary tract.

    What are the side effects of the treatments?

    The side effects of antibiotics include stomach upset, rash, or allergic reaction. The side effects of surgery include bleeding, infection, or an allergic reaction to anesthesia.

    What happens after treatment for the infection?

    It is very important for the person to complete the full course of antibiotics. In some cases, a low dose of an antibiotic may be prescribed for a person to take continually to keep the infection from coming back.

    Sometimes a person has many episodes of pyelonephritis in a short time period. Further testing may need to be done to rule out kidney disease or urinary tract abnormalities. Common tests include:

  • ultrasound of the kidney and bladder
  • a voiding cystourethrogram, or VCUG, in which a liquid is put into the bladder through a catheter, or tube, inserted through the urethra. An x-ray then follows the liquid through the bladder and urethra. This test can reveal abnormalities of the inside of the urethra and bladder.
  • intravenous pyelogram, which examines the whole urinary tract. A liquid is injected through a tube inserted into a vein. An x-ray then follows the liquid as it flows through the urinary tract. This test may reveal blockages in the tract.
  • a nuclear scan, in which radioactive materials are injected into a vein. This test shows how the kidneys work, how the kidneys are shaped, and how urine drains from the kidneys.
  • How is the infection monitored?

    Follow-up urine cultures need to be done several weeks after the person is finished taking the antibiotics. This is important to make sure that the treatment has been effective. Untreated pyelonephritis can lead to very serious kidney damage. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.


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