Most cases of kyphosis cannot be prevented. The risk of osteoporosis and fractures of the spine can be lowered if a person has an adequate intake of calcium and regular weight-bearing exercise. Hormone replacement therapy can help prevent osteoporosis in perimenopausal women. Early treatment of tuberculosis can help prevent Pott's disease.
Long-term effects are minimal to none if the deformity is mild. There is an increased chance of backache and concern about one's physical appearance. With Scheuermann's disease, there is possible progression during adolescence.
There are no risks to others.