In most cases, agranulocytosis is not preventable.
Agranulocytosis increases a person's risk for infections. If white blood cell levels are extremely low, serious bacterial infections can occur. These can include infections caused by bacteria that usually don't cause any problems in the body. Infection in the bloodstream, known as sepsis, may lead to life-threatening septic shock.
Someone who has agranulocytosis may develop severe lung infections. Strong antibiotics may or may not cure the infections. The individual is at risk for chronic infections. These can cause organ damage and scarring.
Agranulocytosis is not contagious and poses no risk to others.