There is no way to prevent this condition.
A bladder wall that does not relax or that contracts too often can lead to high bladder pressure. The pressure can back up into the kidneys and damage them. If the problem is the urinary sphincter, there is no risk of kidney damage. The incontinence itself may make urinary tract infections and hygiene problems more likely. Skin irritation and odor are likely to occur.
There are no risks to others.