Prevention is related to the cause. For example, avoiding sunburn or poison ivy can prevent these causes of itching. Getting regular childhood vaccines can prevent chickenpox. Many cases cannot be prevented.
Severe itching can disrupt a person's life. Sleep and other activities may be difficult. Scratching of itchy areas can cause damage to the skin and may result in skin infection. Other long-term effects are related to the cause. For example, cancer can result in death. Multiple sclerosis can result in severe weakness and numbness in certain areas of the body. People with chronic renal failure may need a kidney transplant or dialysis.
Itching itself is not contagious. However, if the cause is an infection such as scabies or chickenpox, the infection may be contagious.