Tularemia can be prevented by wearing gloves and masks when handling potentially infected animals, especially wild rabbits. Game meats should be thoroughly cooked prior to eating. Long pants and socks can protect a person from tick bites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has a live vaccine that can be given to decrease the frequency and severity of infection. Using insect repellants and removing ticks quickly may also decrease the risk of tularemia.
When treated promptly, tularemia seldom has long-term effects. If it is untreated or if treatment is delayed, the infection may affect any part of the body, causing:
If untreated, severe forms of tularemia can be fatal.
There have been no documented cases of tularemia being spread from one person to another.