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Trisomy 21 - Down Syndrome


Symptoms & Signs

What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

The following characteristics can be seen in people with Down syndrome:

  • smaller-than-average physical size
  • poor muscle tone, which tends to improve somewhat over time
  • a small head, the back of which is flatter than average
  • flat facial profile
  • upward slant of the eye slits
  • an extra fold of skin at the inner corners of the eyes
  • small mouth with a tendency to protrude the tongue
  • small hands with short fingers and a single crease across the palms
  • congenital heart disease, or heart defects that are present at birth
  • learning disabilities
  • an IQ that is rarely higher than 50 (with normal IQ being around 100)
  • faster aging process, with a tendency to develop diseases of aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, at a relatively early age

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